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Cancer is due to uncontrolled cell growth contributed by disordered activation of cellular genes. The genes that contribute to cancer are called Oncogenes those that prevent the occurrence of cancer are called anti-oncogenes. Though the cause seems simple, the cells must bye pass several checkpoints.. Continue Reading>>

Autoimmune diseases occur when the body’s immune system which is supposed to protect the body by mounting an immune response against foreign or external(non-self) antigens, mounts immune response against body’s own antigen. This results in extensive destruction of cells,tissue or organ a.. Continue Reading>>

Pneumonia can be very broadly defined as any infection in the lung. It may present as acute, fulminant clinical disease or as chronic disease with a more protracted course. The histologic spectrum of pneumonia may vary from a fibrinopurulent alveolar exudate seen in acute bacterial pneumonias, to mo.. Continue Reading>>

Thrombocytopenia is characterized by spontaneous bleeding, a prolonged bleeding time, and a normal PT and PTT. A platelet count of 100,000 cells/?L or less is generally considered to constitute thrombocytopenia. Platelet counts in the range of 20,000 to 50,000 cells/?L are associated with an increas.. Continue Reading>>

Normally, there is about 30 to 50 mL of thin, clear, straw-colored (serous) fluid in the pericardial sac. Pericardial effusions in excess of this amount occur in a number of settings, in addition to the inflammatory states described above. The major types and some of their more common causes include.. Continue Reading>>

Raynaud phenomenon results from an exaggerated vasoconstriction of digital arteries and arterioles. These vascular changes induce paroxysmal pallor or cyanosis of the digits of the hands or feet; infrequently, the nose, earlobes, or lips can also be involved. Characteristically, the involved digits .. Continue Reading>>